Social and economic rights of underprivileged segments of society

Art. 199---public interest litigation---Social and economic rights of underprivileged segments of society---Definition and scope of public interest in foreign jurisdictions including United States of America, United Kingdom, Malaysia and India stated.
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Arts. 184(3) & 199 & Chap.1, Part II [Arts.8 to 28]---public interest litigation---Scope and purpose---Articles 184(3) & 199 of the Constitution gave wide powers to the superior courts to enforce fundamental rights, ensure compliance with the rule of law and provide access to justice to all citizens---Raison d'etre of public interest litigation was to break through the existing legal, technical and procedural constraints and provide justice, particularly social justice, to a particular individual, class or community, who on account of any personal deficiency or economic or social deprivation or State oppression were prevented from bringing a claim before the court of law.
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Ss. 2(b), 2(c), 2(d), 2(e) & 4---Constitution of Pakistan, Arts. 11, 17 & 18---Bonded labour ---Meaning and scope.
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S. 4---Punjab Prohibition of Child labour at Brick Kilns Act (XXXVII of 2016), S. 5---Punjab Restriction of Employment of Children Act (L of 2016), S. 3---Factories Act (XXV of 1934), S. 50---Forced labour ---Bonded labour ---Child labour ---High Court issued writ of mandamus to the concerned authorities and functionaries and directed that they shall faithfully discharge their duties and perform their functions for implementing all the relevant laws in letter and spirit for eradication of forced, bonded and child labour from all sectors of the economy, including (but not limited to) agriculture, brick kilns, mining, tanneries, carpet weaving, glass-bangle making, construction and fisheries---High Court gave further necessary directions and without disposing of the Constitutional petition directed office to fix present case before any available Bench on 22-09-2020.
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S. 3---Child labour ---Adverse consequences---Child labour was condemned because it deprived children of their childhood, potential and dignity and was harmful for their physical and mental development---Child labour reinforced intergenerational cycles of poverty, undermined national economics and impeded progress towards sustainable development goals.
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S. 4---Punjab Prohibition of Child labour at Brick Kilns Act (XXXVII of 2016), S. 5---Punjab Restriction of Employment of Children Act (L of 2016), S.3---'Slavery'---'Forced and child labour '---International instruments regarding slavery and forced and child labour to which the State of Pakistan was a signatory, stated.
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Art. 199---Continuous mandamus , doctrine of---Concept stated.
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